6月英语六级仔细阅读模拟题第

时间：2022-12-31 08:02:28 英语六级我要投稿

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2015年6月英语六级仔细阅读模拟题（第二篇）

　　Section C

2015年6月英语六级仔细阅读模拟题（第二篇）

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. , B. , C. and D.. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

　　Opinion polls are now beginning to show a reluctant consensus that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work?

　　The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people's work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.

　　Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people's homes.

　　Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people's work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.

　　Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out

　　to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and the family to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.

　　It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work,young people and old eople were excluded--a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.

　　All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the utopian goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.

　　56. According to the author, the universal employment has__________.

　　A. turned out not to be the best form of jobs

　　B. created an alternative form of jobs

　　C. built tbe foundation of an economic leap

　　D. failed to produce job opportunities for most people

　　57. Modern forms of transportation have greatly encouraged__________.

　　A. the phenomenon of deprivation of employees' leisure time

　　B. the disconnection between people's work and their family life

　　C. the commutation between the working places and employees' homes

　　D. people's desire to work far away from where they were born

　　58. It can be inferred from the passage that __________ .

　　A. women could have been more productive than men in a proper job system

　　B. work in pre-industrial times has been distributed evenly between men and women

　　C. paid employment has aroused serious social problems in current society

　　D. women have been treated unfairly under the employment system of industrial age

　　59. What is the problem for the young under the employment system?

　　A. They are less likely to compete with the aged.

　　B. They are much worried about the generation gap.

　　C. They axe more likely to suffer from unemployment.

　　D. Their academic performances seem useless for job hunting.

　　60. What is the possible change of job forms?

　　A. Full-time employment will not be the dominant form of work.

　　B. Most people can work at home and for themselves.

　　C. The differences between men and women will disappear.

　　D. All people get equal job opportunities and equal pay

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

　　Blood vessels running all through the lungs carry blood to each air sac (囊), or alveolus(肺泡 ), and then back again to the heart. Only the thin wall of the air sac and the thin wall of a capillary (毛细血管) are between the air and the blood. So oxygen easily diffuses from the air sacs through the walls into the blood, while carbon dioxide easily diffuses from the blood through the walls into the air sacs.

　　When blood is sent to the lungs by the heart, it has come back from the cells in the rest of the body. So the blood that goes into the wall of an air sac contains much dissolved carbon dioxide but very little oxygen. At the same time, the air that goes into the air sac contains much oxygen but very little carbon dioxide. You have learned that dissolved materials always diffuse from where there is more of them to where there is less. Oxygen from the air dissolves in the moisture on the lining of the air sac and diffuses through the lining into the blood. Meanwhile,carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the air sac. The blood then flows from the lungs back to the heart,which sends it out to all other parts of the body.

　　Soon after air goes into an air sac, it gives up some of its oxygen and takes in some carbon dioxide from the blood. To keep diffusion going as it should, this carbon dioxide must be gotten rid of. Breathing, which is caused by movements of the chest, forces the used air out of the air sacs in your lungs and brings in fresh air. The breathing muscles are controlled automatically so that you breathe at the proper rate to keep your air sacs supplied with fresh air. Ordinarily, you breathe about twenty-two times a minute. Of course, you breathe faster when you are exercising and slower when you are resting. Fresh air is brought into your lungs when you breathe in, or inhale (吸入), while used air is forced out of your lungs when you breathe out, or exhale.

　　Some people think that all the oxygen is taken out of the air in the lungs and that what "we breathe out is pure carbon dioxide. But these ideas are not correct. Air is a mixture of gases that is mostly nitrogen ( 氮 ). This gas is not used in the body. So the amount of nitrogen does not change as air is breathed in and out. But while air is in the lungs, it is changed in three ways: ( 1 ) About one-fifth of the oxygen in the air goes into the blood. (2) An almost equal amount of carbon dioxide comes out of the blood into the air. (3) Moisture from the linings of the air passages and air sacs evaporates until the air is almost saturated.

　　61. It can be inferred from the passage that oxygen and carbon dioxide __________.

　　A. produce energy for breathing

　　B. diffuse immediately in the blood

　　C. penetrate slowly into the air sacs

　　D. travel in opposite ways in the lungs

　　62. When blood travels back to the lungs by the heart,__________.

　　A. more oxygen was contained in blood

　　B. more carbon dioxide was contained in the blood

　　C. less carbon dioxide was contained in an air sac

　　D. less oxygen was contained in an air sac

　　63. The movement of breathing can effectively__________.

　　A. help the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs

　　B. prevent the inhaling of excessive carbon dioxide

　　C. keep the regular circulation of blood

　　D. strengthen the function of breathing muscles

　　64. When we breathe out, the amount of nitrogen__________.

　　A. increases a bit because of the exchange of air

　　B. reduces a bit because of the exchange of air

　　C. remains the same as we breathe it in

　　D. keeps the same as that needed in lungs

　　65. The air in the lungs changes through __________.

　　A. inhaling some amount of oxygen

　　B. the evaporation of moisture

　　C. exhaling some amount of carbon dioxide

　　D. generating a passage for evaporation

　　Passage One

　　【参考译文】

　　民意测验现已表明：虽然人们并不情愿却一致认为，无论应谴责谁，也无论从今以后会发生什么事情，失业率居高不下的形势很可能不会改变。这意味着我们应去寻找办法来更广泛地分享可利用的就业资源。

　　但是我们需要进行更深入的探究。我们必须就工作的未来问一些基本问题。我们是否应该继续把雇佣关系当做准则?我们难道就不应该鼓励有自尊心的人通过许多其他方式就业吗?难道我们就不应该创造条件使我们当中的许多人能够为自己工作，而不是为老板　　打工吗?难道除了工厂和办公室之外，我们就不应该使自家和街坊邻里重新成为生产和工作的中心吗?

　　工业时代是人类历史上唯一一个把大部分人的工作以就业的形式固定下来的时期。现在，工业时代或许即将结束，它给我们的工作模式带来的一些改变可能需要被推翻。这个想法似乎令人望而却步。[56]但事实上。它可以提供更好的就业前景。从历史来看，全民就业并不意味着经济上的自由。

　　在17、18世纪，圈地运动剥夺了人们的土地使用权，也因此剥夺了他们谋生的手段，使得很多人依靠带薪工作，雇佣关系变得广为盛行。接着，工厂系统摧毁了作坊手工业，并使人们的工作脱离了家庭。[57]后来随着交通的发展，人们先是通过铁路，而后公路，在住所和工笠地之间进行更长距离的往返，直到最终，很多人的工作与他们的家庭生活以及居住地之间失去了联系。

　　[58]同时，雇佣关系也使女性处于不利的地位。在工业化以前的时代，男人和女人一起分担家庭和村庄社区的生产工作。现在，谱遍的情况变成了丈夫出去工作赚钱：然后把没有报酬的家务活和照顾家庭的任务留给妻子。今天，在税收和福利管理方面仍是如此，限制男女之间更自由地分担工作角色。

　　不仅仅是女性的工作地位深受其害。[59]随着雇佣关系成为主导的工作形式，年轻人和老年人也受到了排盐——现在，随着越来越多的年轻人对学校感到失望，越来越多的退休人员想过更积极活跃的生活，这就成了一个问题。

　　所有这一切或许现在都需要改变。[60]现在我们的确要转变某些努力和资源，放弃为所有人创造工作的空想目标，将精力投入到这个紧迫而又实际的任务主——叠助大多数人能够不靠全职工作而生活下去。

　　【答案解析】

　　56.A

　　定位：根据题干中的信息词the universal employment定位到文章第二段最后两句。

　　解析：本段最后两句在评述工业时代和全民就业的关系时提到“但事实上，它可以提供更好的就业前景。从历史来看，全民就业并不意味着经济上的自由。”由此可推断，全民就业并非工业时代的最佳就业模式，因为该就业模式并未带来经济上的自由。因此正确答案为A。

　　57.B

　　定位：根据题干中的信息词transportation定位到第三段最后一句。

　　解析：题干问现代交通方式极大地鼓励了什么。第三段最后一句指出，后来随着交通的发展，人们先是通过铁路，而后公路，在住所和工作地之间进行更长距离的往返，直到最终，很多人的工作与他们的家庭生活以及居住地之间失去了联系。由此可见，交通的发展最终使得人们的工作与他们的生活和居住地不再有关系，故B项是正确答案，其中disconnection是原文lost all connection的同义转述。文中虽提到commute，即通勤的问题，但只是说交通的发展使得人们在住所和工作地之间进行更长距离的往返，并没有丝毫鼓励这种通勤方式的意思，故C项排除。文中说人们由于工作而远离了他们生活的地方.这是客观的情况，并不是人们的主观渴望，D项错误。A项文中未提及。

　　58.D

　　定位：三个选项都含有信息词men或women，据此定位到第四段。

　　解析：该段首句指出，工业时代的就业模式使女性处于不利地位，接着就这一主题进行论述，在第三句指出，现在，普遍的情况变成了丈夫出去工作赚钱，然后把没有报酬的家务活和照顾家庭的任务留给妻子。由此可见，工业时代的就业模式未能公平地对待妇女。故D项为正确答案。虽然工业时代就业模式对待妇女不公平，但并不能因此推断出在工业化以前的时代工作是男女平均分配的.原文只是说那时男人和女人一起分担家庭和村庄社区的生产工作，该表述过于绝对，故B项被排除。其他两项文中未提及。

　　59.C

　　定位：根据题干中的信息词meyoun9定位到第五段第二句。

　　解析：第五段第二句指出，随着雇佣关系成为主导的工作形式，年轻人和老年人也受到了排挤一现在，随着越来越多的年轻人对学校感到失望……由此可见在雇佣体制下，年轻人不容易找到工作，故C项为正确答案。本句虽提到年轻人对学校失望，但并没有说他们的学业成绩对找工作没有用处，因此D项可排除。选项A和B文中并未提及。

　　60.A

　　定位：根据题干中的信息词change和job forms定位到最后一段最后一句。

　　解析：该句指出，现在我们的确要转变某些努力和资源，放弃为所有人创造工作的空想目标，将精力投入到这个紧迫而又实际的任务中——帮助大多数人能够不靠全职工作而生活下去。由此可见，为所有人创造全职工作的做法将会被改变，故正确答案为A项。题干中的change与原文switch…to…对应。

　　Passage Two

　　【参考译文】

　　遍布整个肺部的血管将血液带入每个肺泡，然后再使血液流回心脏。在空气与血液之间只有肺泡薄壁及毛细血管薄壁。[61]于是，氧气很容易就会透过薄壁从肺泡散开，进入血液里，而二氧化碳则很容易透过薄壁从血液主扩散，进入肺泡。

　　[62]当血液通过心脏被送往肺部时，它已经是从身体其他部位的细胞中流回来的。所以，流入肺泡壁的血液里含有很多溶解了的二氧化碳，而氧气含量却非常少。然而，进入肺泡的空气却含有很多氧气，而只有少量二氧化碳。你已经了解到溶解后的物质总是　　从含量较多的地方向含量较少的地方扩散。空气中的氧气在肺泡黏膜的水分里溶解，然后透过内壁扩散到血液里。同时，二氧化碳从血液扩散到肺泡中。然后，血液就从肺部流回心脏，心脏再将血液送到身体其他部位。

　　空气进入肺泡后不久，就会释放部分氧气，并从血液中吸收一些二氧化碳。为了保持扩散的正常进行，这些二氧化碳就必须被排出体外。[63]由胸部运动引起的呼吸迫使释放完氧气并吸收了二氧化碳的空气从你肺部的肺泡主流出，羞吸入新鲜空气。呼吸肌肉是受自动控制的，以便你能够以正常速率进行呼吸，从而确保肺泡中有充足的新鲜空气供应。通常情况下，你每分钟大概呼吸22次。当然，当你运动时，你的呼吸会加快;而当你休息时，呼吸会放慢。当你吸气时，新鲜空气被吸入肺部，而当你呼气时，释放完氧气并吸收了二氧化碳的空气就被排出肺部。

　　有些人认为所有的氧气都在肺部从空气中被分离了出来，而我们呼出的是纯粹的二氧化碳。但是，这些想法是不正确的。空气是许多气体的混合物，其中大部分是氮气。这种气体没有被身体所利用。[64]所以，随着空气被吸入和呼出，氮气的总量并没有改变。然而，当[65]空气停留在肺里时。它会以以下三种方式被改变：(1)空气中约有五分之一的氧气进入血液中。(2)差不多等量的二氧化碳从血液进入空气中。(3)气道及肺泡黏膜中的水分会蒸发。直到空气几乎饱和为止。

　　【答案解析】

　　61.D

　　定位：根据题干中的信息词oxygen和carbon dioxide定位到第一段最后一句。

　　解析：关于氧气和二氧化碳在身体中的情况，第一段最后一句指出，氧气很容易就会透过薄壁从肺泡散开，进入血液里，而二氧化碳则很容易透过薄壁从血液中扩散，进入肺泡。由此可见，氧气和二氧化碳的运动方向相反，故D项为正确答案。

　　62.B

　　定位：根据题干中的信息词blood和tOthelungsbythe heart定位到第二段第一、二句。

　　解析：题干问血液通过心脏被送往肺部时会发生什么情况。根据第二段前两句可知，当血液通过心脏被送往肺部时，它已经是从身体其他部位的细胞中流回来的。所以，流入肺泡壁的血液里含有很多溶解了的二氧化碳，而氧气含量却非常少。由此可见正确答案为B。血液从心脏被送往肺部时，肺泡里正在进行气体交换，所以不能确定肺泡里氧气和二氧化碳的含量比例，故排除C和D。

　　63.A

　　定位：根据题干中的信息词breathing定位到第三段第三句。

　　解析：第三段第三句指出，由胸部运动引起的呼吸迫使释放完氧气并吸收了二氧化碳的空气从你肺部的肺泡中流出，并吸入新鲜空气。由此可推断，呼出的空气中吸收了大量的二氧化碳，而吸入的新鲜空气中富含氧气。呼吸促进了氧气和二氧化碳的交换。故A项为正确答案。

　　64.C

　　定位：根据题干中的信息词me amountofnitrogen定位到最后一段第五句。

　　解析：根据最后一段第五句可知，在气体通过呼吸进行交换的过程中，“随着空气被吸入和呼出，氮气的总量并没有改变”，由此可见我们呼出气体时，氮气的量和吸入时一样多。故C项是答案。根据本段第四句“这种气体没有被身体所利用”可知，人体并不需要氮气，因此D项可排除。其他两项均不符合文意，均排除。

　　65.B

　　定位：根据题干中的信息词air和changes定位到最后一段最后三句。

　　解析：关于空气在肺部的改变方式，第四段最后三句说“它会以以下三种方式被改变：(1)空气中约有五分之一的氧气进入血液中。(2)差不多等量的二氧化碳从血液进入空气中。(3)气道及肺泡黏膜中的水分会蒸发，直到空气几乎饱和为止。”将这三点与四个选项一一对照，可知只有B项与原文相符，故为正确答案。

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