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2015年6月英语六级仔细阅读模拟题（第三篇）
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ),B., C. and D. . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
The idea of public works projects as a device to prevent or control depression was designed as means of creating job opportunities for unemployed workers and as a "pump priming" device to aid business to revive. It was conceived during the early year as of the New Deal Era (1933-1937). By 1933, the number of unemployed workers had reached about 13 million. This meant that about 50 million people--about one third of the nation--were without means of support. At first, direct relief in the form of cash or food was provided for these people. This made them recipients (接受者) of government charity. In order to remove this stigma (耻辱)and restore to the unemployed some measure of respectability and human dignity, a plan was devised to create governmentally sponsored work projects that private industry would not or could not provide. This would also stimulate production and revive business activity.
The best way to explain how this procedure is expected to work is to explain how it actually worked when it was first tried. The first experiment with it was the creation of the Works Project Administration (WPA).
This agency set up work projects in various fields in which there were many unemployed. For example,unemployed actors were organized into theater projects; orchestras were organized for unemployed musicians,teaching projects for unemployed teachers, and even writers' projects for unemployed writers. Unemployed laborers were put to building work or maintaining roads, parks, playgrounds, or public buildings. These were all temporary "work relief" projects rather than permanent work opportunities.
More substantial work projects of a permanent nature were organized by another agency, the Public Works Administration(PWA). This agency undertook the planning of construction of schools, houses, post offices, dams, and other public structures. It entered into contracts with private construction firms to erect them, or it loaned money to local or state governments which undertook their construction. This created many jobs in the factories producing the material as well as in the projects themselves, and greatly reduced the number of the unemployed.
Still another agency which provided work projects for the unemployed was the Civilian Conservation Corps
(CCC.. This agency provided job opportunities for youths aged 16 to 20 to work in national parks or forests clearing land, guarding against fires, building roads, or doing other conservation work. In the event of a future depression, the federal government might revive any or all of the above methods to relieve unemployment and stimulate business.
56. It was at the beginning of the New Deal Era that public works projects__________.
A. were ignored by most American socialists
B. proved its advantages over other plans
C. were given a serious consideration
D. were put into use immediately
57. According to the passage, during the New Deal Era, the public works projects might __________.
A. make a great leap in guiding the economic development
B. help those unemployed to resume respect and dignity
C. urge private businesses to employ more workers
D. prevent government from lending money to the unemployed
58. The Works Project Administration could __________.
A. relieve the burden of both the unemployed and the government
B. satisfy the need of people from various fields of the society
C. meet the need of most people who were once white-collars
D. not offer people jobs which would support them for a whole life
59. Compared with WPA, the Public Works Administration __________.
A. got private businesses involved in the restoring of economy
B. encouraged the local governments to make concrete plans
C. offered jobs in all the aspects concerning construction
D. stimulated the economy by lending money to local governments
60. The Civilian Conservation Corps mainly offered jobs __________.
A. to give more opportunities to various age groups
B. to foster the spirit of American youths
C. that are laborious to youngsters
D. under the name of relieving family burdens
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternating with some16-17 hours wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.
The question is no mere academic one. The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the- clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.m to 4 p.m the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.
One answer would seem to be longer periods on each shift, a month, or even three months. Recent research by Bonjer of the Netherlands, however, has shown that people on such systems will revert to their normal habits of sleep and wakefulness during the weekend and that this is quite enough to destroy any adaptation to night work
built up during the week.
The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carded out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work.
This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal day-time work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.
61. The study of sleep cycle can be of practical use to places where __________.
A. strict work shifts are required to cater for the need of automatic machines
B. working at night is normal for most employees
C. employees work according to different requirements of machines
D. employees have to adapt to irregular work patterns and organizations
62. According to Bonier, after the training of a different sleep pattern during the weekdays, people __________.
A. resume their original sleep habits for night shifts before the training
B. tend to come back to their routine sleep patterns at weekends
C. suffer a lot when they come back home to sleep at weekends
D. enjoy the benefits of adjusting to various sleep patterns quickly
63. Which of the following is Brown's finding?
A. People should choose a sleep pattern and work according to the pattern.
B. Regular changes between day shifts and the night ones do good to workers.
C. Permanent night workers suffer no disturbed sleep or other disorders.
D. Workers act abnormally when they work on night shift every day.
64. What can be done in arranging day and night shifts in a factory?
A. Make a survey on employees' preference on different shifts.
B. Give a physical test and find those who are always energetic at nights.
C. Stick to the pattern for three months once the shifts are settled down.
D. Look for those who can adjust fast to the change of wakefulness and sleep.
65. According to the passage, body temperature__________.
A. plays a vital role in selecting people for alternative day and night shifts
B. changes every two hours during the day and every three hours during the night
C. has been used for industries in selecting people for alternative shifts
D. changes after a person has finished the training for alternative shifts
Passage One
【参考译文】
将公共事业项目用来预防或控制经济萧条的想法旨在为失业工人创造工作机会，成为政府为帮助商业复苏所做的注资手段。[56]这种设想是在施行罗斯福新政(1933一l937)的早期形成的。截至1933年，失业工人人数已达约1300万。这意味着在全国有约5000万人，即接近全国人口1/3的人没有生计。起初.政府以现金或食物的形式给这些人提供了直接的救助。这使他们成了政府慈善的接受者。[57]为了消除失业者的耻辱感并在某种程度上恢复他们的声誉和人格尊严。政府制定了一项计划，即创立由政府赞助的、私人企业不会或不能提供的就业工程。这也会刺激生产并恢复商业活动。
要解释清楚人们期望这种措施如何发挥作用，最佳的办法就是说明它首次试行时实际上是如何运作的。其首次尝试是就业工程管理局的创立。这个机构在失业人数众多的各个领域设立了就业项目。例如。失业演员被组织到剧院项目，失业音乐家被组织成管弦乐队，为失业教师组织教学项目，甚至为失业作家创立作家项目。失业劳动者被组织去从事建造房屋、维护公路、公园、运动场或公共建筑的相关工作。
[58]这些都是暂时性的“工作救济”项目，而不是永久性的工作机会。
另一家机构，公共工程管理局，组织了更多具有永久性质的实质性就业项目。这一机构承担学校、房屋、邮局、水坝及其他公共建筑的建设规划。[59]它与私营建筑公司签订建筑合同让其承建。或贷款给承担建设项目的地方政府或州政府。这创造了很多在生产材料的工厂工作的机会以及参与项目本身的工作机会，大大减少了失业人数。
还有一家机构为失业人员提供就业项目，即民间资源保护队。[60]这家机构为年龄介于l6岁到20岁之间的青年提供工作机会，让他们在国家公园或森林清理土地、防火、修路或从事其他保护工作。万一以后经济萧条，联邦政府或许可以恢复使用上述的任何一种方法或全部方法来缓解就业压力并刺激商业发展。
【答案解析】
56.C
定位：根据题干信息词the New Deal Era定位到第一段第二句。
解析：由该句可知公共事业项目“这种设想是在施行罗斯福新政的早期形成的”。原文conceive意为“构思”，选项C中的give a serious consideration和conceive相对应，故该项为正确答案。
57.B
定位：根据题干信息词thepublicworksprojects定位到第一段倒数第二句。
解析：关于公共事业项目的作用，该句说：“为了消除失业者的耻辱感并在某种程度上恢复他们的声誉和人格尊严，政府制订了一项计划，即创立由政府赞助的、私人企业不会或不能提供的就业工程。”由此可见，该计划旨在帮助失业者恢复应受的尊敬和人格尊严。显然B项resume respect anddignity与原文restore…respectability andhuman dignity意思相符。故B项为正确答案。
58.D
定位：根据题干信息词WorksProjectAdministration定位到第二段。
解析：由第二段最后一句可知：“这些都是暂时性的‘工作救济’项目，而不是永久性的工作机会。”显然D项符合文意，为正确答案。本段第三句虽然说到就业项目得以在失业人数众多的各个领域设立，但并未提到能满足社会各领域人们的需求，故B项排除。A、c两项在文中未提及。
59.A
定位：根据题干信息词the Public Works Administration定位到第三段。
解析：本段第三句说：“它与私营建筑公司签订建筑合同让其承建，或贷款给承担建设项目的地方政府或州政府。”由此可见，PWA通过签订合同的方式，将私营公司引入公共建设项目，促进就业和经济的发展，显然A项符合文意，故为答案。
60.C
定位：根据题干信息词Civilian Conservation Corps定位到最后一段。
解析：关于该组织，本段第二句介绍说：“这家机构为年龄介于l6岁到20岁之间的青年提供工作机会，让他们在国家公园或森林清理土地、防火、修路或从事其他保护工作。”由此可见，该机构给年轻人提供工作，从列举的工作看多属于艰苦的体力劳动，因此C项与文意相符，故为答案。
Passage Two
【参考译文】
众所周知，人类正常的日常活动周期是大概7～8小时的睡眠与大约l6～17小时的清醒状态相交替，并且，一般来说，睡眠时间通常与黑夜时间重合。我们现在关心的问题是，要改变这个周期的难易程度如何，能改变到什么程度。
这不仅仅是一个简单的学术问题。例如，[61]自动化工厂要求持续24小时的机器运转，于是，人们从白天工作改型晚上工作是否容容易，就盛了一个日益重要的问题。一个人要适应睡眠时间和清醒时间颠倒，即白天睡觉晚上工作，通常需要5天到一个星期的时间。不幸的是，在工厂里经常发生的情况是，每星期就换一次班。一个人可能有一周是从半夜12点工作到上午8点，第二周变成上午8点到下午4点，第三周又变成下午4点到半夜l2点，如此等等。这就意味着，他刚刚习惯了一种作息方式就不得不改为另一种，这样，在大部分的时间里，他都不能很有效率地工作或休息。
一种解决方法似乎是每次换班持续的时间长些，可以一个月甚至三个月换一次班。然而，[62]荷兰的博尼亚尔最近的研究表明，在周末，按照这种倒班制度工作的人会恢复他们通常的睡眠和清醒的习惯，这足以摧毁在这个星期所建立的适应任何夜班工作的习惯。
而唯一能真正解决问题的方法似乎是将夜班交给一些永久上夜班的工人。1957年，布朗针对夜班工作人员的家庭生活和健康进行了一项有趣的研究。[63]她发现昼夜交替工作的人中，睡眠失常和其他紊乱症高发，但在永久夜间工作的人什上并未出现这些异常症状。
[64]后面提到的这种方法看起来是最好的长期政策，但同时。我们仍可以通过挑选出那些能够最快适应日常生活习惯变化的人来缓解昼夜交替工作所带来的压力。一种了解一个人是否适应了的方法是测量他的体温。白天工作、正常作息的人在清醒的时候体温高而夜间则比较低;当他们换成晚班时，模式只会逐渐调整适应新的作息规律，而且，一般说来，其适应速度是与整个身体的适应程度是相同的，尤其是在工作表现方面。[65]因此。通过在清醒时期每隔两小时测量一次体温，可以看出一个人能多快适应颠倒的作息时间。而这可以作为挑选的基础。然而，到目前为止，这种挑选方式似乎还没有被运用到实践中。
【答案解析】
61.A
定位：根据题干信息词sleep cycle和places定位到第二段前两句。
解析：题干问对睡眠规律的研究对什么地方有实际意义。第二段首句指出，这不仅仅是一个简单的学术问题。接着说：“自动化工厂要求持续24小时的机器运转，于是，人们从白天工作改到晚上工作是否容易，就成了一个日益重要的问题。”因此在自动化工厂，这项研究具有实际意义。A项中automatic machines与原文中的automation对应，故为答案。
62.B
定位：根据题干信息词Bonier定位到第三段第二句。
解析：本句阐述Bonjer的研究结果时指出：“……在周末，按照这种倒班制度工作的人会恢复他们通常的睡眠和清醒的习惯，这足以摧毁在这个星期所建立的适应任何夜班工作的习惯。”由此可知，员工们工作日培养出来的倒班睡眠习惯，在周末又恢复到以前的睡眠习惯了。故B项与原文相符，为本题答案。
63.C
定位：根据题干信息词Brown定位到第四段后两句。
解析：前面一句提到了Brown，后一句接着说Brown发现“昼夜交替工作的人中，睡眠失常和其他紊乱症高发，但在永久夜间工作的人身上并未出现这些异常症状”。故C项与原文相符，为正确答案。D项与原文意思相悖;A项和B项原文均未提及。
64.D
定位：根据题干信息词arranging day and night shifts定位到第五段第一句。
解析：题干问工厂应如何安排倒班。根据该句可知：“……我们仍可以通过挑选出那些能够最快适应日常生活习惯变化的人来缓解昼夜交替工作所带来的压力。”因此应选那些最快适应变化的人，D项与文意吻合，故为答案。
65.A
定位：根据题干信息词body temperature定位到第五段倒数第二句。
解析：本句指出：“因此，通过在清醒时期每隔两小时测量一次体温，可以看出一个人能多快适应颠倒的作息时间，而这可以作为挑选的基础。”因此体温对挑选倒班的人选很重要，故A项为正确答案。C项与文意相悖;B项和D项原文均未提及。
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