大学英语六级考前训练题及答案
Part I Writing xx(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Travel-mate Wanted. You should write at least 150 word following the outline given below:
假设你是李明，假期即将到来，你打算做一次为期三周的旅行，希望找个外国朋友作为游伴(Travel-mate)。拟一个寻游伴的启事，交代清楚日程安排、费用分担情况、对对方的要求等，并说明对方和你一起出游的好处。
Travel-mate Wanted
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-4, mark
Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Is College Really Worth the Money?
The Real World
Este Griffith had it all figured out. When she graduated from the University of Pittsburgh in April 2001, she had her sights set on one thing: working for a labor union.
The real world had other ideas. Griffith left school with not only a degree, but a boatload of debt. She owed $15,000 in student loans and had racked up $4,000 in credit card debt for books, groceries and other expenses. No labor union job could pay enough to bail her out.
So Griffith went to work instead for a Washington, D.C. firm that specializes in economic development. Problem solved? Nope. At age 24, she takes home about $1,800 a month, $1,200 of which disappears to pay her rent. Add another $180 a month to retire her student loans and $300 a month to whittle down her credit card balance. "You do the math," she says.
Griffith has practically no money to live on. She brown-bags(自带午餐)her lunch and bikes to work. Above all, she fears she'll never own a house or be able to retire. It's not that she regrets getting her degree. "But they don't tell you that the trade-off is the next ten years of your income," she says.
That's precisely the deal being made by more and more college students. They're mortgaging their futures to meet soaring tuition costs and other college expenses. Like Griffith, they're facing a one-two punch at graduation: hefty(深重的)student loans and smothering credit card debt—not to mention a job market that, for now anyway, is dismal.
"We are forcing our children to make a choice between two evils," says Elizabeth Warren, a Harvard Law professor and expert on bankruptcy. "Skip college and face a life of diminished opportunity. or go to college and face a life shackled(束缚)by debt."
Tuition Hikes
For some time, colleges have insisted their steep tuition hikes are needed to pay for cutting-edge technologies, faculty and administration salaries, and rising health care costs. Now there's a new culprit(犯人): shrinking state support. Caught in a severe budget crunch, many states have sharply scaled back their funding for higher education.
Someone had to make up for those lost dollars. And you can guess who—especially if you live in Massachusetts, which last year hiked its tuition and fees by 24 percent, after funding dropped by 3 percent, or in Missouri, where appropriations(拨款)fell by 10 percent, but tuition rose at double that rate. About one-third of the states, in fact, have increased tuition and fees by more than 10 percent.
One of those states is California, and Janet Burrell's family is feeling the pain. A bookkeeper in Torrance, Burrell has a daughter at the University of California at Davis Meanwhile, her sons attend two-year colleges because Burrell can't afford to have all of them in four-year schools at once.
Meanwhile, even with tuition hikes, California's community colleges are so strapped for cash they dropped thousands of classes last spring. The result: 54,000 fewer students.
Collapsing Investments
Many families thought they had a surefire plan: even if tuition kept skyrocketing, they had invested enough money along the way to meet the costs. Then a funny thing happened on the way to Wall Street. Those investments collapsed with the stock market. Among the losers last year: the wildly popular "529" plans—federal tax-exempt college savings plans offered by individual states, which have attracted billions from families around the country. "We hear from many parents that what they had set aside declined in value so much that they now don't have enough to see their students through," says Penn State financial aid director Anna Griswold, who witnessed a 10 percent increase in loan applications last year. Even with a market that may be slowly recovering, it will take time, perhaps several years, for people to recoup(补偿)their losses.
Nadine Sayegh is among those who didn't have the luxury of waiting for her college nest egg to grow back. Her father had invested money toward her tuition, but a large chunk of it vanished when stocks went south. Nadine was then only partway through college. By graduation, she had taken out at least $10,000 in loans, and her mother had borrowed even more on her behalf. Now 22, Nadine is attending law school, having signed for yet more loans to pay for that. "There wasn't any way to do it differently," she says, "and I'm not happy about it. I've sat down and calculated how long it will take me to pay off everything. I'll be 35 years old." That's if she's very lucky: Nadine based her calculation on landing a job right out of law school that will pay her at least $120,000 a year.
Dependent on Loans and Credit Cards
The American Council on Education has its own calculation that shows how students are more and more dependent on loans. In just five years, from 1995 to 2000, the median loan debt at public institutions rose from $10,342 to $15,375. Most of this comes from federal loans, which Congress made more tempting in 1992 by expanding eligibility (home equity no longer counts against your assets) and raising loan limits (a dependent undergraduate can now borrow up to $23,000 from the federal government).
But students aren't stopping there. The College Board estimates that they also borrowed $4.5 billion from private lenders in the 2000-2001 academic year, up from $1.5 billion just five years earlier.
For lots of students, the worst of it isn't even the weight of those direct student loans. It's what they rack up on all those plastic cards in their wallets. As of two years ago, according to a study by lender Nellie Mae, more than eight out of ten undergrads had their own credit cards, with the typical student carrying four. That's no big surprise, given the in-your-face marketing by credit card companies, which set up tables on campus to entice(诱惑)students to sign up. Some colleges ban or restrict this hawking, but others give it a boost. You know those credit cards emblazoned with a school's picture or its logo? For sanctioning such a card—a must-have for some students—a college department or association gets payments from the issuer. Meanwhile, from freshman year to graduation, according to the Nellie Mae study, students triple the number of credit cards they own and double their debt on them. As of 2001, they were in the hole an average $2,327.
A Wise Choice?
One day, Moyer sat down with his mother, Janne O'Donnell, to talk about his goal of going to law school. Don't count on it, O'Donnell told him. She couldn't afford the cost and Moyer doubted he could get a loan, given how much he owed already. "He said he felt like a failure," O'Donnell recalls. "He didn't know how he had gotten into such a mess."
A week later, the 22-year-old hanged himself in his bedroom, where his mother found him. O'Donnell is convinced the money pressures caused his "Sean tried to pay his debts off," she says. "And he couldn't take it."
To be sure, are exceedingly rare. But despair is common, and it sometimes leads students to rethink whether college was worth it. In fact, there are quite a few jobs that don't require a college degree, yet pay fairly well. On average, though, college graduates can expect to earn 80 percent more than those with only a high school diploma. Also, all but two of the 50 highest paying jobs (the exceptions being air traffic controllers and nuclear power reactor operators) require a four-year college degree. So foregoing a college education is often not a wise choice.
Merit Mikhail, who graduated last June from the University of California, Riverside, is glad she borrowed to get through school. But she left Riverside owing $20,000 in student loans and another $7,000 in credit card debt. Now in law school, Merit hopes to become a public-interest attorney, yet she may have to postpone that goal, which bothers her. To handle her debt, she'll probably need to start with a more lucrative(有利的)legal job.
Like so many other students. Mikhail took out her loans on a kind of blind faith that she could deal with the consequences. "You say to yourself, 'I have to go into debt to make it work, and whatever it takes later, I'll manage.'" Later has now arrived, and Mikhail is finding out the true cost of her college degree.
1. Griffith worked for a firm that specialized in economic development in Washington D.C. because she needed money to pay for her debt.
2. The only problem the students are facing at graduation is the dismal job market.
3. One reason why colleges increase tuition and fees is that the state support is shrinking.
4. Nearly all the families can manage to meet the soaring tuition costs through various investment plans.
5. According to Nadine's calculation, she can pay off all her debt when she is if she can get a salary of $120,000 a year right out of law school.
6. Students get money from not only federal loans but also .
7. The college department or association can get payments from the issuer if it sanctions credit cards decorated with .
8. O'Donnell thinks that the cause of her 22-year-old son's is .
9. The author says that foregoing a college education is often not a wise choice because of the 50 highest paying jobs require a four-year college degree except for air traffic controllers and nuclear power reactor operators.
10. Merit will have to start with a more lucrative legal job instead of her favorite position—a public-interest attorney because she has to .
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet 2.
Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.
Scientists say they have high hopes for a drug that could one day provide a new form of treatment for HIV-AIDS. A compound, which interferes with an elusive protein used by the HIV virus to infect human cells, has worked extremely well in monkeys. If the drug proves effective in human trials, scientists say, it could bolster(加强)the effectiveness of two existing AIDS drugs, particularly in fighting drug-resistant strains of the virus.
Researchers at the pharmaceutical(制药的)company Merck are very excited about an experimental drug, which has worked as well in monkeys infected with a primate version of the virus as any of the existing anti-AIDS drugs.
It works by blocking one of three proteins, or enzymes, the HIV virus uses to gain entrance into and infect human immune system cells.
Inhibitor drugs have been developed to block two of the proteins, to slow progression of the disease after infection. They have become standard therapy as a "cocktail" for people infected with HIV.
Those enzymes are reverse transcriptase (转录酶)and protease(蛋白酶). The first converts the virus' genetic material into that of its host cells. The second chops up the resulting larger proteins into smaller pieces, producing smaller viral particles that infect new cells.
The third prong of cellular attack is a protein called integrase(整合酶), which experts say has been harder to block. Once HIV fools host cells by changing its genetic information so it can enter them, integrase acts like a cut and paste operation in a word processor, deleting an immune cell's genetic material and replacing it with its own.
An integrase inhibitor would give doctors a third line of attack against HIV infection, according to virologist Daria Hazuda of the division of Virus and Cell Biology at Merck.
"This would offer a third class of anti-retroviral medications that can be combined with reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors. And since it is a new mechanism of action, these compounds are active against multi-drug resistant variants. So variants that are resistant to all current therapies have been selected in HIV-patients," she said.
Current anti-AIDS drugs eventually become resistant to therapy, or stop working, because the virus changes its shape.
While researchers are encouraged by the success with the compound's effectiveness in monkey trials, developing a drug that is equally effective in humans can be difficult.
Steven Young is executive director of the Department of Medicinal Chemistry at Merck. He says, if scientists find a compound that is equally effective in people, the company would ask U.S. regulators to speed approval of the drug.
"Yeah, I really think that's what we're hoping for," he said. "I mean, we need to get data that show it has robust anti-viral effects in people. And if we're able to get that data, I think we would petition for fast track status."
Dr. Young says an integrase inhibitor has the potential to prevent drug resistance.
"To ensure our best chance of preventing resistance, we would give this as part of a cocktail therapy," he added. "And I think it's really our plan that we would test this with reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors, as well."
47. If the drug proves effective in human trials, it could enhance the effectiveness of existing AIDS drugs in ________.
48. What has become standard cocktail therapy?
49. While integrase s an immune cell's genetic material and replaces it with its own, it acts like ________ in a word processor.
50. Why would anti-AIDS drugs stop working?
51. According to Steven Young, if scientists get the data that ________, they would petition for fast track status.
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.
Occasional self-medication has always been part of normal living. The making and selling of drugs have a long history and are closely linked, like medical practice itself, with the belief in magic. Only during the last hundred years or so has the development of scientific techniques made it possible for some of the causes of symptoms to be understood, so that more accurate diagnosis has become possible. The doctor is now able to follow up the correct diagnosis of many illnesses with specific treatment of their causes. In many other illnesses, of which the causes remain unknown, it is still limited, like the unqualified prescriber, to the treatment of symptoms. The doctor is trained to decide when to treat symptoms only and when to attack the cause: this is the essential difference between medical prescribing and self-medication.
The advance of technology has brought about much progress in some fields of medicine, including the development of scientific drug therapy. In many countries public health organization is improving and people's nutritional standards have risen. Parallel with such beneficial trends have two adverse effects. One is the use of high-pressure advertising by the pharmaceutical industry, which has tended to influence both patients and doctors and has led to the overuse of drugs generally. The other is the emergence of the sedentary society with its faulty ways of life: lack of exercise, over-eating, unsuitable eating, insufficient sleep, excessive smoking and drinking. People with disorders arising from faulty habits such as these, as well as from unhappy human relationships, often resort to self-medication and so add the taking of pharmaceuticals to the list. Advertisers go to great lengths to catch this market.
Clever advertising, aimed at chronic sufferers who will try anything because doctors have not been able to cure them, can induce such faith in a preparation, particularly if steeply priced, that it will produce—by suggestion—a very real effect in some people. Advertisements are also aimed at people suffering from mild complaints such as simple colds and coughs, which clear up by themselves within a short time.
These are the main reasons why laxatives, indigestion remedies, painkillers, tonics, vitamin and iron tablets and many other preparations are found in quantity in many households. It is doubtful whether taking these things ever improves a person's health; it may even make it worse. Worse because the preparation may contain unsuitable ingredients; worse because the taker may become dependent on them; worse because they might be taken in excess; worse because they may cause poisoning, and worse of all because symptoms of some serious underlying cause may be masked and therefore medical help may not be sought.
52. The first paragraph is intended to ________.
[A] suggest that self-medication has a long history
[B] define what diagnosis means exactly
[C] praise doctors for their expertise
[D] tell the symptoms from the causes
53. Advertisements are aimed at people suffering from mild complaints because ________.
[A] they often watch ads on TV
[B] they are more likely to buy the drugs advertised
[C] they generally lead a sedentary life
[D] they don't take to sports and easily catch colds
54. Paragraphs 2 and 3 explain ________.
[A] those good things are not without side effects
[B] why clever advertising is so powerful
[C] why in modern times self-medication is still practised
[D] why people develop faulty ways of life
55. The author tells us in paragraph 4 ________.
[A] the reasons for keeping medicines at home
[B] people's doubt about taking drugs
[C] what kind of medicine people should prepare at home
[D] the possible harms self-medication may do to people
56. The best title for the passage would be ________.
[A] Medical Practice [B] Clever Advertising
[C] Self-Medication [D] Self-Treatment
Passage Two
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
The age of gilded youth is over. Today's under-thirties are the first generation for a century who can expect a lower living standard than their parents.
Research into the lifestyles and prospects of people who were born since 1970 shows that they are likely to face a lifetime of longer working hours, lower job security and higher taxes than the previous generation.
When they leave work late in the evening, they will be more likely to return to a small rented flat than to a house of their own. When, eventually, they retire, their pensions are far lower in real terms than those of their immediate forebears.
These findings are revealed in a study of the way the ageing of Britain's population is affecting different generations.
Anthea Tinker, professor of social gerontology(老人学)at King's College London, who carried out much of the work, said the growth of the proportion of people over 50 had reversed the traditional flow of wealth from older to younger generations.
"Today's older middle-aged and elderly are becoming the new winners," she said. "They made relatively small contributions in tax but now make relatively big claims on the welfare system. Generations born in the last three to four decades face the prospect of handing over more than a third of their lifetime's earnings to care for them."
The surging number of older people, many living alone, has also increased demand for property and pushed up house prices. While previous generations found it easy to raise a mortgage, today's under-thirties have to live with their parents or rent. If they can afford to buy a home it is more likely to be a flat than a house.
Laura Lenox-Conyngham, 28, grew up in a large house and her mother did not need to work. Unlike her wealthy parents, she graduated with student and postgraduate loan debts of ￡13,000. She now earns about ￡20,000 a year, preparing food to be photographed for magazines. Her home is a one-bedroom flat in central London and she sublets(转租)the lunge sofa-bed to her brother.
"My father took pity and paid off my student debts," she said. "But I still have no pension and no chance of buying a property for at least a couple of years—and then it will be something small in a bad area. My only hope is the traditional one of meeting a rich man."
Tinker's research reveals Lenox-Conyngham is representative of many young professionals, especially in London, Manchester, Edinburgh and Bristol.
57. By saying "the growth of the proportion...to younger generations." (Line 2, Para. 5), Anthea Tinker really means that ________.
[A] currently wealth flows from old generation to younger generation
[B] traditionally wealth flows from younger generation to old generation
[C] with the increasingly big population of over 50, the trend arises that wealth flows from younger generation to old generation
[D] with more and more people of over 50, traditions have been reversed
58. Why are today's older middle-aged and elderly becoming the new winners?
[A] Because they made relatively small contributions in tax, but younger generation will possibly hand over more than a third of their lifetime's earnings for the care of them.
[B] Because they contributed a lot in tax and now can claim much on the welfare system.
[C] Because they made small contributions, but now can make money easily.
[D] Because they outnumber younger generation and enjoy more privileges in the present society.
59. Which factor pushed up house prices?
[A] Many young men, who live alone, have increased demand for houses.
[B] Many young men need to rent more houses.
[C] It is easy to apply for a mortgage for young generation.
[D] The number of older people, many of whom live alone, becomes bigger and bigger.
60. In what way does Laura Lenox-Conyngham make her living?
[A] By taking photographs for magazines.
[B] By marring a rich man.
[C] By subletting the lounge sofa-bed to her brother.
[D] By preparing food for photographs for some magazines.
61. We can conclude from the passage that ________.
[A] today's under-thirties are leading a miserable life in Britain
[B] Laura Lenox-Conyngham's attitude to work and life represents that of many young professionals in Britain
[C] Life can get harder for under-thirties in Britain
[D] elders enjoy extremely high living standards in Britain
Part V Error Correction (15 minutes)
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an ion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.
Example:
Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods. 1. time/times/period
Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature 2. /
as a school subject are valid for ∧ study of television. 3. the
More people than ever are drinking coffee these
days—but in small quantities than they used to. Some 62. ________
manufactures of coffee makers are trying to make 63. ________
advantage of this trend by developing diminutive
machines that brew(煮)smaller amounts of coffee.
Two U.S. appliance companies—Black &Decker,
basing in Towson, Maryland, and Toastmaster Inc. of 64. ________
Columbia, Missouri—has recently introduced "drip" 65. ________
coffee makers that brew one or two cup servings of
coffee. Neither of the products brew the coffee 66. ________
directly into a cup or mug, eliminating the need for a
separate carafe. Since many people make a pot of
coffee in the morning and drink only a single cup, the 67. ________
new coffee makers should reduce the wasted coffee.
Black &Decker's Cup-at-a-Time spends $27, while 68. ________
Toastmaster's Coffee Break retails for $20.
Black &Decker also makes a coffee maker
drips coffee directly into a carry-around thermal 69. ________
carafe. The carafe, a glass vacuum bottle, is supposed
to keep the coffee fresh for hours. The product,
called the Thermal Carafe Coffee-maker, comes with
a built-in lid that opens during the brewing process,
closes when it is completed. There are several models, 70. ________
including one that fits under the counter, ranging
from $60 to $110 at price. 71. ________
Part VI Translation (5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the following sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
72. The area gets ________________(年降雨量不足五厘米).
73. The only sounds are bird calls and the soft noise ________________(当水缓缓推动草时草所发出的).
74. The visitors planned to ________________(花最少的时间游览公园以外的地方).
75. Life is too short ________________(不可每天将时间浪费在看电视上).
76. He told the story in such minute detail ________________(简直就像他亲眼看见一样).
答案解析
Part I Writing
Travel-mate Wanted
I'm a l9-year-old female sophomore named Li Ming. I hereby earnestly invite a foreign young lady—college student preferred—to make a three week touring trip with me.
My plan is to set off next weekend, when the summer vacation officially begins. The first stop is Kunming, the world-renowned city for its beauty and mild temperature. We’ll get there by train and stay for 2 days, and then we’ll head for Jinggangshan, a former revolutionary base as well as a natural beauty spot.
After a 3-day visit there, we will take a long-distance coach to a nearby port city by the Yangtze River and board a downstream ship to Shanghai, so that we can enjoy the great scenery alongside the third longest river in the world. As everybody knows, Shanghai is one of the busiest and fastest developing cities in China. I’d like to have a good tour in Shanghai, so the stay there will be about half a week. A famous Chinese saying goes, "Just as there is Paradise in heaven, there are Suzhou and Hangzhou on Earth", so a 4-day visit to these two cities near Shanghai is a must. All together, our trip will last about three weeks.
I only expect that my travel-mate could bear her own expenses and talk with me in beautiful English, and I would be an excellent guide for her since I major in tourist guiding.
Those interested please contact me either through email (Liming@126.com) or phone call (12345678).
Part II Reading Comprehension ( Skimming and Scanning)
1. Y 根据题干中的信息词Griffith和Washington D.C. 定位到第一个小标题下的第三段， 再结合上一段内容可知，Griffith想去工会工作，但其薪水无法支付她欠下的学生贷款和信用卡债务，因此她转而去一家经济发展公司工作，故该句表述正确。
2. N 根据题干中的信息词at graduation和dismal job market定位到第一个小标题下的倒数第二段，可知有越来越多的大学生抵押自己的未来以支付高昂的学费和读大学的其他费用，他们毕业时背负着沉重的学生贷款和信用卡债务，更不用提低靡的就业市场了。由此可知，大学生毕业时至少面临三个问题，故该句表述错误。
3. Y 根据题干中的信息词state support和shrinking定位到第二个小标题下的第一段，可知大学强调自己涨学费是为了支付前沿科技、教职管理人员的工资和医疗保健等费用，而现在政府因预算吃紧，对大学的扶持也在缩减。由此可知，该句表述正确。
4. N 根据题干中的信息词families和investment定位到第三个小标题下的第一段，可知许多家庭原以为自己的计划很完善，即便学费继续攀高，他们投资的回报也足够支付费用，可没想到的是那些投资和股市一起失败了。由此推断，很少有家庭可以通过投资计划支付高昂的学费，故该句表述错误。
5. 35 years old。根据题干中的信息词Nadine和$120, 000 a year定位到第三个小标题下第二段的段尾，可知Nadine计算出，等她还完所有债务，她就已经35岁了，而这还是比较乐观的估计，因为她的计算是预计自己一毕业就能找到年薪至少为12万美元的工作。
6. private lenders and credit cards/private lenders/credit cards。根据题干中的信息词federal loans定位到第四个小标题，可知学生的大部分贷款都是联邦贷款，他们也向私人债主借钱，而最糟糕的是他们还透支信用卡，造成信用卡债务，由此可得答案。
7. the school’s picture or logo。根据题干中的信息词payments from the issuer和sanctions定位到第四个小标题下的最后一段，可知有些大学鼓励信用卡公司在校园内吸引学生办卡，如果批准发放那种印有学校照片或标识的信用卡，学校相关院系或部门就可以从发卡方得到报酬。
8. the money pressures。根据题干中的信息词O’Donnell和22-year-old定位到最后一个小标题下的第二段，可知O’Donnell的儿子年仅22岁就在自己的卧室内自杀，而O’Donnell确信是金钱的压力导致了他的自杀，由此可得答案。
9. all but two。根据题干中的信息词foregoing和50 highest paying jobs定位到最后一个小标题下的第三段，可知除了空中交通管制员和核反应堆操控员以外，50个报酬最高的工作只有两个需要四年大学学历，所以说上大学通常不是明智之举。
10. handle her debt。根据题干中的信息词Merit和public-interest attorney定位到最后一个小标题下的倒数第二段，可知Merit想当公益律师，但她可能得推迟这一打算，因为为了应付她的债务，她很可能需要一开始做一份报酬更高的法律工作。
Part IV Reading Comprehension ( Reading in Depth)
Section A
47. fighting drug-resistant strains of the virus
根据题干中的关键词human trials和existing AIDS drugs定位到第一段最后一句，可知科学家表示，该药物如果在人体试验中被证明是有效的，就会增强现存两种治疗艾滋病药物的效力，特别是在对抗病毒抗药性方面的效力，由此可得答案。
48. Inhibitor drugs.
根据题干中的关键词standard cocktail therapy定位到第四段，可知抑制剂用于阻碍两种蛋白质，减慢感染后病情的发展，因此已经成为治疗感染HIV病毒患者的标准治疗方法，即“鸡尾酒疗法”，由此可知，成为标准鸡尾酒疗法的是抑制剂。
49. a cut and paste operation
根据题干中的'关键词word processor定位到第六段第二句，可知HIV病毒一旦通过改变自身的遗传信息而诱导宿主细胞并进入其中，它就像文字处理软件中的剪切和粘贴程序一样，删除免疫细胞的遗传信息，并替换为自己的遗传信息。
50. Because the virus changes its shape.
根据题干中的关键词anti-AIDS drugs和stop working定位到倒数第六段，可知现有的抗艾滋病药物最终就不会起作用了，因为病毒改变了形状，故可得答案。
51. show the drug has robust anti-viral effects in people
根据题干中的关键词Steven Young和fast track status定位到倒数第三、四段，可知Steven Young表示，他们需要得到表明药物在人体中有强力抗病毒效果的数据，而如果他们可以得到那样的数据，他们就可以申请快速审查，由此可得答案。
Section B
Passage One
52. A 推断题。本题看似考查第一段的主旨，实则要结合全文才能得出答案。选项A、B、D 文章中都有提及，但从整体看来，文章的主线是介绍self-medication(自我药疗)，其中第一段提及了过去的情况，第二段介绍现状，由此推断此现象存在已久，所以A正确。
53. B 推断题。由文章可知，做广告的目的是要吸引顾客买他们的药品。从第三段最后一句可知一般只是得了轻微的感冒、咳嗽的人会根据广告自己买药治病，故选B。
54. C 推断题。文章第二段和第三段主要论述了现在依然存在自我药疗的原因，即医生很难治愈人们不良的生活习惯造成的亚健康状态，所以C正确。
55. D 推断题。由文章第四段中几个带有worse的并列句可以推知，自我药疗对人们有潜在的危害，所以D正确。
56. C 主旨题。全文是围绕自我药疗(self-medication)展开论述的，介绍了它的历史、现状以及危害等，所以C正确。
Passage Two
57. C 语义题。解题的关键在于正确理解句中的reverse一词，它意为“逆转，彻底转变”，所以被考查句说的是传统上社会财富是从老一代流向年轻人，而50岁以上人口的增多彻底转变了该现象，即社会财富从年轻人流向老年人，所以C正确。
58. A 细节题。由文章第六段第二句和第三句可知，这些老人过去在税收方面的贡献甚小，而现在他们享受的社会福利甚多;在三四十年前出生的人则把他们一生中多于三分之一的所得用于照料这些老年人，所以A正确。
59. D 细节题。由文章第七段第一句可知，老年人数量越来越多且大多单独居住，他们需要更多的住房，于是促使房价上升，所以D正确。
60. D 细节题。文章第八段第三句指出，Laura Lenox-Conyngham一年赚两万英镑，为杂志准备要拍照的食物，所以D正确。
61. C 主旨题。文章开头指出，金色青春的时代已经过去了，如今这一代30岁以下的年轻人是一个世纪以来第一批生活水平低于父辈的人，文章接下来更深入、具体地探讨了这一主题;原文并未提及Laura Lenox-Conyngham对工作的态度，而是说她的这种生活方式在伦敦等地很普遍，故B不正确。由此可知，C正确。
Part V Error Correction
62. small→smaller
该句后面有than，句子是比较级形式，所以应该把small改为比较级smaller。
63. make→take
take advantage of是固定搭配，意为“利用”。
64. basing→based
base和它的逻辑主语是被动关系，所以要用它的过去分词based。
65. has→have
句子的主语为two U.S. appliance companies，故谓语动词用复数。
66. Neither→Both
根据文章意思，这里是说两种产品都如何，所以要用both。
67. and→but
并列句的前后显然是转折关系，意为“大部分人都是早上煮一壶咖啡但是却只喝一小杯”。
68. spends→costs
spend的主语必须是人，此处主语是物，而且是单数第三人称，故用costs。
69. 在drips前加that
定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，所以要在drips前加that。
70. 在closes前加and
closes前的逗号连接了两个独立的主谓结构，这在英语中是错误的，因此必须要加上并列连词and。
71. at→in
价钱的前面使用介词in，即in price。
Part VI Translation
72. fewer than five centimeters of rain a year
“不足五厘米的降雨”可以译为fewer than five centimeters of rain，也可译为a rainfall of fewer than five centimeters;“年降雨量”中的“(每)年”可译为后置定语a year，也可译为前置定语annual，而rainfall常与annual搭配，故此处还可译为an annual rainfall of fewer than five centimeters。
73. made by grasses as the water slowly moves them
通过分析句子结构可知，所译部分应为noise的后置定语。noise和“发出”是被动关系，因此要用被动语态来表示;“当……时”可译为as或when，“推动”可译为move。
74. spend minimum time sightseeing outside the parks
“(某人)花……时间做某事”应译为spend some time on sth./ (in) doing sth.。虽然中文部分给出了“最少的”，但句中并没有明确的比较关系，因此译为minimum比least更为恰当;“游览”可译为sightsee或visit，故此处还可译为spend minimum time visiting (places) outside the parks。
75. to idle away the hours watching TV each day
由给出的中英文可知，该句包含too…to…的结构，表示“太……而不能……”，直接包含否定概念，因此所译部分无须含有否定词。“将时间浪费在……上”可译为idle away some time doing sth.，也可直接译为waste time on (doing) sth.，而“每天”可译为each day或every day，故此处还可译为to idle away the hours watching TV each/every day或to waste time on watching TV each/every day。
76. that he might himself have been an eye-witness
由给出的中英文可知，该句包含such…that…的结构，再结合中文可知，that之后的内容应采用虚拟语气，表示对过去事实的虚拟，且强调一种可能性，谓语应为might have done的形式。此处没有表明“看见”的对象，因此可用eye-witness来表示“看见”;为了强调“亲眼”，又加上hims
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