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中考英语语法复习:主谓一致

时间:2021-06-16 15:38:57 中考 我要投稿

2016中考英语语法复习:主谓一致

  谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。

2016中考英语语法复习:主谓一致

  1. 语法一致的原则

  (1)以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如:

  He goes to school early every morning.

  The children are playing outside.

  To work hard is necessary for a student.

  (2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:

  Both he and I are right.

  Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.

  但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。例如:

  His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.

  The poet and writer has come.

  (3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:

  In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.

  Each man and each woman is asked to help.

  (4)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。例如:

  The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.

  Nobody but two boys was late for class.

  Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.

  (5) 一些只有复数形式的'名词,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。例如:

  A lot of people are dancing outside.

  The police are looking for lost boy.

  (6)由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。例如:

  Is everybody ready?

  Somebody is using the phone.

  (7)有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:

  Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.

  Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.

  如果这类名词前用了a pair of等,则往往用作单数,谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如:

  Here are some new pairs of shoes.

  My new pair of socks is on the bed.

  2. 意义一致的原则

  (1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如:

  Twenty years is not a long time.

  Ten dollars is too dear.

  (2)有些集合名词,如family, team等作主语时,如作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员,则用复数。例如:

  My family is big one.

  My family are watching TV.

  (3)不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时,也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。例如:

  All of the work has been finished.

  All of the people have gone.

  (4)疑问代词作主语时,其谓语动词也有两种情况:主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数。例如:

  Who is your brother?

  Who are League members?

  (5)“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时,其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数,谓语动词用复数:名词是单数,谓语动词用单数。例如:

  It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.

  Three -fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.

  (6)half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时,如果所指为复数意义,动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义,动词用单数。例如:

  I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.

  Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.

  (7)由what 引导地主于从句作主语时,通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:

  What she said is correct.

  What she left me are a few old books.

  (8)凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语,往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人,谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

  The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.

  The dead is a famous person.

  3. 邻近一致的原则

  (1)由连词or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,则谓语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近它的主语一致。例如:

  Either you or I am right.

  Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.

  (2)在“There be” 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。

  There are two apples and one egg in it.

  (3)as well as 和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。

  He as well as I is responsible for it.

  不但是我,他对这件事也有责任。

  (4)以here开头的句子,其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。

  Here is a letter and some books for you.

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