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英语完全及物动词语法

时间:2022-10-25 05:45:13 考试英语 我要投稿
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英语完全及物动词语法

  下面是小编搜集整理的英语完全及物动词语法,快来看看吧。

英语完全及物动词语法

  完全及物动词

  稍早提到,完全及物动词就是加了宾语后意思很完整的动词,有主动及被动两个语态。在此,我们要与大家讨论主动语态。至于被动语态用法,我们则将在语态的专篇中再讨论。完全及物动词在主动语态中,用法极为简单,句型如下:主语+完全及物动词+宾语(Object,简称O.)

  例:Peter loves music.

  (彼得喜爱音乐。)

  They want to go dancing.

  (他们要去跳舞。)

  He thinks that the book is good.

  (他认为这本书很好。)

  完全及物动词用法

  完全及物动词的宾语有名词、代词、不定式、动名词、名词从句及名词短语等。同学稍加注意,就可发现这些词类、短语或从句均有名词的特性,故亦同时可以做主语。

  1.名词充当及物动词的宾语

  例:he didn't but that car.

  (他没有买那部车。)

  2.代词充当及物动词的宾语

  例:i don't like john,indeed,i hate him.

  (我不喜欢约翰,事实上,我恨他。)

  3.动名词充当及物动词的宾语:并非所有及物动词均可用动名词做宾语。常以动名词做宾语的动词有下列几个:

  例:he considered studying abroad.

  (他考虑出国念书。)

  i once imagined going to the beach with them.

  (我曾想象和他们去海边。)

  i just can't fancy getting along with them.

  (我无法想象和他们相处的情形。)

  he risked doing it.

  (他冒险做这事。)

  i avoided seeing him again.

  (我避免再看见他。)

  he escaped being killed in the accident.

  (他在意外中幸免于难。)

  they suggested putting off the game.

  (他们建议比赛延期。)

  he recommended traveling abroad.

  (他建议去国外旅行。)

  i enjoy dancing.

  (我喜欢跳舞。)

  i resent having to do so much work.

  (我讨厌要做这么多工作。)

  i practiced playing the piano.

  (我练习弹钢琴。)

  he stopped/quit smoking.

  (他戒烟了。)

  would you mind opening the window for me?

  (你介意为我打开窗户吗?)

  注意

  resist+v-ing 拒绝=refuse+to+原形动词

  例:i refused to do it.

  (我拒绝做此事。)

  i couldn't resist crying when i heard the sad news.

  (我听见这个令人悲伤的消息时,忍不住哭了出来。)

  注意

  expect+to+原形动词 期望……=anticipate+v-ing

  例:i expect to travel around the world with him.

  =i anticipate travelling around the world with him.

  (我期望和他一起环游世界。)

  注意

  stop+v-ing 停止=quit+v-ing=cease+v-ing/to+原形动词

  例:he stopped writing when he saw me.

  (当他看见我时就不写了。)

  he decided to quit smoking.

  (他决定戒烟。)

  he ceased to talk to her/(talking to her)after he knew she was so bad.

  (当他知道她这么坏时,就不再和她说话。)

  注意

  stop+to+原形动词 停下来而去……

  例:he stopped to talk to me when he saw me.

  =he stopped(what he was doing)to talk to me when he saw me.

  (他看见我时,停下来和我说话。)

  注意

  continue(继续),start(开始),begin(开始),like(喜欢),love(爱),dislike(不喜欢),hate(恨),可用不定式或动名词做宾语,意思不变。

  例:he continued trying/(to try) it.

  (他继续试着做。)

  they started building/(to build) the house.

  (他们开始建这栋房子。)

  i like/love/hate/dislike listenint/(to listen) to music.

  (我喜欢/爱/厌恶/不喜欢听音乐。)

  4.名词从句充当及物动词的宾语

  稍早我们已为同学介绍名词从句的构成方式、种类及其功能,再提醒一下,名词从句有三种:

  (1)that he can't do it

  (他不能做此事)

  (2)whether he will come

  (他是否会来)

  (3)疑问词引导的名词从句

  when he will do it

  (他何时做)

  what he is doing

  (他正在做什么)

  how he'll handle it

  (他如何处理此事)

  为了方便记忆起见,我们可将名词从句记成“戴慧怡”。戴:即that之讹音;慧:即whether第一音节之讹音;怡:即疑问词从句“疑”之同音字,由于名词从句具有名词的功能,故亦可做及物动词的宾语。

  例:i believe that he is a man of his word.

  (我相信他是个有信用的人。)

  i wonder whether he can do it.

  (我不知道他是否能够做此事。)

  i don't know where he lives.

  (我不知道他住哪里。)

  注意

  that从句做及物动词的宾语时,名词从句连接词that通常予以省略

  例:they feel(that)it is hard to do the job.

  (他们觉得做这件工作很难。)

  he thinks(that)the book is worthy of reading.

  (他认为这本书值得读。)

  注意

  whether从句做及物动词的宾语时,名词从句连接词whether亦可被if取代。

  例:i don't know whether the typhoon will come.

  =i don't know if the typhoon will come.

  (我不知道台风是否会来。)

  i doubt whether the man is competent enough to handle it.

  =i doubt if the man is competent enough to handle it.

  (我不知道这个人是否有足够的能力处理此事。)

  但:whether从句若做主语、介词的宾语或be动词的补语,则whether不可被if取代。

  ①whether从句做主语:

  例:whether he can go is not yet known.(o)

  (他是否能去还不知道。)

  if he can go is not yet known.(x)

  但:it is not yet known whether he can go.(o)

  =it is not yet known if he can go.(o)

  ②whether从句做介词的宾语

  例:he is worried about whether he can join them.(o)

  (他很担心是否能加入我们。)

  he is worried about if he can join them(x)

  ③whether从句做be动词的补语:

  例:the problem is whether he has enough money for the trip.

  (问题在于他是否有足够的钱旅行。)

  the problem is if he has enough money for the trip.(x)

  5.名词短语(构成方式见第一节第5项)充当及物动词的宾语

  例:i know how to handle the problem.

  (我知道如何处理这问题。)

  i don't know whom to talk to.

  (我不知道该向谁说。)

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