考研英语长难句

时间：2021-02-12 11:07:56 考研英语我要投稿

考研英语长难句

　　长难句在考研阅读、完型填空和翻译中的出现频率很高，无论句子有多长、结构有多复杂，它都由一些基本的成分组成的。从结构来说，英语句子中，除了谓语之外，

考研英语长难句

　　其它的成分均可以由从句或者非谓语动词来充当。从句子本身是一个完整的句子，因此，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、套嵌，也可能并列，平行。

　　从功能来说，英语有三大复合句，即:①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;②形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句;③状语从句。非谓语动词可以有自己的时态和语态(过去分词除外)，也可以跟自己的逻辑主语、宾语、状语等成分，构成一个非谓语动词结构。由于非谓语动词和从句的这些特点，使英语句子从理论上讲可以无限延长。

　　英语长句的分析方法：去枝叶，留主干。

　　1、划出句子中的定语从句和状语从句;

　　2、划出所有介词短语(位于be动词后的除外);

　　3、名词性从句看作一个整体,找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;

　　4、非谓语动词结构看作一个整体;

　　5、找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干;

　　6、分析从句的结构和非谓语动词的内部结构。

　　长难句分析的步骤举例：

　　经典例题(2001年考研完型填空第二段)

　　In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will

　　introduce a draft bill

　　that

　　will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly

　　control the amount of publicity

　　that

　　can be given to a case before a trial begins.

　　分析:

　　第一，划出定语从句和状语从句

　　: that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will

　　strictly control the amount of publicity /that can be given to a case /before a trial begins.

　　第二，划出介词短语：

　　In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press

　　第三，句子的结构分析:

　　(1)主干结构是主语

　　(Lord Irvine含同位语the Lord Chancellor)+将来时谓语(will introduce)+宾语(a draft bill);

　　(2)

　　that引导的定语从句修饰draft bill,其中，will propose 是第一个谓语，making payments to witnesses illegal

　　是一个动名词短语做宾语，在动名词短语内部，payments to witnesses做making的宾语，illegal是宾补;第二个谓语是will strictly control, the amount of publicity是它的宾语。that can be given to a case before a trial begins是孕含有一个时间状语从句(before a trial begins)的定语从句，修饰publicity。

　　分割线

　　把分解后的句子读熟甚至背过，则基本上可以解决考研长难句问题。

　　1. This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in

　　the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.

　　结构分析:句子的主干是This will be particularly true…

　　。since引导原因状语从句。此从句中又套嵌一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰the high-energy American fashion。在定语从句中，that做主语，makes做谓语，it做形式宾语，不定式短语to combine few farmers with

　　high yields则是真正的宾语(不定式短语内部to combine

　　是主干，few farmers是宾语，with high yields是语)，possible做宾语补足语。this指代前句中提到的这种困境。

　　energy pinch译为“能源的匮乏”;in…fashion译为“

　　用…方法、方式”。

　　译文：

　　这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏，高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式将很难在农业中继续下去，而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。

　　考研英语真题长难句精选

　　2006年阅读真题经典文章：Text2 、Text3

　　Text2

　　1. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway's Cottage, Shakespeare's birthplace and the other sights.

　　译文：另一方则是很大程度上依赖游客而谋生的当地居民，这些游客来到镇上，不是为了看戏，而是来参观安·哈瑟维小屋、莎士比亚出生地及其他景点。

　　2. It's all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.

　　译文：当你想到为他们提供生计的莎士比亚本人就是个留着胡须、吵吵嚷嚷的演员时，这真是一个极好的讽刺。

　　3. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.

　　译文：希尔顿酒店正在这里构建自己的旅馆，你几乎可以肯定它会配有哈姆雷特汉堡包店、李尔休息室、班柯宴会包间等等，而且价格昂贵。

　　4. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.

　　译文：他们虽然来自世界各地，看起来却都很相像——身材消瘦，棱角分明，神情执着，穿着牛仔裤和凉鞋，啃着圆面包，躺在剧院外的石板上过夜，等着买20张预留给露宿者的座位票和80张站票。在上午10点半售票处开门时他们就可以买到这些票。

　　Text3

　　1. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.

　　译文：这就意味着更高比例的海洋物种正在被捕捞，因此现在和过去之间的真正差异可能比用捕捞规模变化所记录的要更糟糕。

　　2. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past.

　　译文：个别的`鱼没有被捕捉，是因为没有可用来诱惑它们的带饵的钩，这导致了过去对鱼类资源量的低估。

　　3. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels.

　　译文：而这很重要，因为理论认为当目标物种的生物量达到原始基数的50%左右时，从渔场中可以获得最大的可持续产量。

　　2007年阅读真题经典文章：Text2、Text4

　　Text2

　　1. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What's the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence?

　　译文：因此，莎凡(居然能)巧妙回答(智商为100的)普通人提出的诸如"爱与喜欢有何区别"或"运气和巧合的本质是什么"这类问题，这令人感到有些费解。

　　2. It's not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.

　　译文：那些想象物体和计算数字模式的能力如何满足了(莎凡)回答那些曾难倒部分最优秀诗人和哲学家的问题的需要，这一点难以明确。

　　3. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it's knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.

　　译文：任何熬过"学术能力评估测试"的人都可以证明，应试技能也很重要，比如知道何时应该猜测或者什么题目可以略过不答。

　　Text4

　　1. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them - especially in America - the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity.

　　译文：正当老板、董事会总算解决了最为棘手的财务和规章问题，并且改善了薄弱的公司管理之际，一个新的问题又威胁着他们——尤其是在美国——置他们于负面头版头条新闻中，管理层进而不可避免地受到惩罚。这个问题就是：数据不安全。

　　2. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore - and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.

　　译文：甚至最愚笨的管理人员也必定清楚地知道：信任，这个经济资产中最有价值的东西，很容易遭到破坏而修复起来代价昂贵;没有什么比企业任由个人敏感信息落入别有用心的人手中更能有破坏信任的了。

　　3. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.

　　译文：与此同时，6月16日美国联邦贸易委员会做出重大决定，通知美国商界如果公司不能充分保障数据的安全，那么监管机构就会采取措施。但是17日披露的美国大约4000万信用卡账户信息失窃案件却使得上述决定黯然失色。

　　2009年阅读真题经典文章：Text3

　　Text3

　　1. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.

　　译文：毫无疑问，在这两个领域取得的进步对于这些贫穷国家以及其他国家的社会、政治、智力发展都是必不可少的。传统观点认为教育应成为促进贫困国家经济快速发展首要考虑的因素之一，然而这种观点是错误的。

　　2. We are fortunate that is it, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations.

　　译文：我们很庆幸这种观点错了，因为在这些国家建立新的教育体制并通过这种体制培养足够的人才来提高经济水平需要两三代人的时间。

　　3. More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English- speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.

　　译文：更近些时候，研究者在调查房屋建筑业时发现，尽管建筑业的工作很复杂，但是在德克萨斯州休斯敦市的那些不识字、不会说英语的墨西哥工人却能一直达到劳动生产率最佳实践标准。

　　2010年阅读真题经典文章：Text2、Text3

　　Text2

　　1. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents.

　　译文：美国联邦巡回上诉法院宣称，它将利用一项特殊案例对商业方法专利开展广泛复审，这一举措令知识产权律师们议论纷纷。

　　2. Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets.

　　译文：对商业方法专利申请的控制是一个突然的180度大转变，因为正是联邦巡回法院在1998年被称为"道富银行案"的决议中引入了这类专利，当时法庭对一种"汇集各种公有基金资产"的方法授予了专利。

　　3. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions.

　　译文：这项裁决带来了商业方法专利申请案卷的激增，起初是新兴的网络公司试图对特定类型的在线交易方法占得独家权利。

　　4. The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court's judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is weather it should" reconsider" its state street Bank ruling.

　　译文：联邦巡回法院发布了一项不同寻常的法令，声明这个案子将由法院的全部12名法官共同听审，而不是典型的三人听审团;法令还宣布法院希望评估是否需要"重新考虑"对道富银行案的判决。

　　Text3

　　1. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them.

　　译文：营销人员已经采纳了这个两级流动理论，因为该理论表明，他们只需找到有影响力人士就可以为他们完成大部分的工作。

　　2. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly.

　　译文：而根据两级流动理论，恰恰是这些不是名人但具有影响力的人，通过直接影响他们的朋友和同事，推动了社会流行潮。

　　3. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.

　　译文：但是，一种社会流行潮要最终形成，每个受到有影响力影响的人都必须接着影响自己的熟人，继而这些熟人必须再影响自己的熟人，如此循环不已;这些人中的每个人能得到多少关注与最初的有影响力人士并无多大关系。

　　2012年阅读真题经典文章：Text3

　　Text3

　　1. In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work.

　　译文：在"科学研究如何开展"的理想化模式中，世界真相正等待着以科学的方法开展工作的研究者们去观察和收集。

　　2. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology.

　　译文：在科学界这个复杂的社会结构中，研究者做出发现;编辑和评审者控制发现的发表过程以扮演看门人的角色;其他科学家则使用这一新发现来满足自己需要;最后，公众(包括其他科学家)接受这个新发现及其可能随之而来的技术。

　　3. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual's discovery claim into the community's credible discovery.

　　译文：在发现声明通过科学界的逐级审查之时，与该科技相容或相抗的理念会相互作用、相互对抗，将个体的研究发现转变为科学界的可信发现。

　　4. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers.

　　译文：不足为奇的是，貌似重要且令人信服的新发表的发现声明和可信发现总是面对后来研究者的质疑、修改、甚至推翻。

　　2013年阅读真题经典文章：Text 2

　　Text 2

　　1. In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioral ads? Or should they have explicit permission?

　　译文：在过去几周里，一场争论说明了这种精细的信息对于广告商的价值：广告商是否可以认为用户愿意被跟踪并接收行为广告?还是说广告商应该获得用户的明确许可?

　　2. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favorably with Google's on that count before.

　　译文：DNT似乎并不是微软Windows 8系统的最大卖点，尽管微软的其他产品在这一方面优于谷歌。

　　2014年阅读真题经典文章：Text4

　　Text4

　　1. The Heart of the Matter," the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America.

　　译文：美国人文与科学院(AAAS)刚刚发布的研究报告《问题的核心》值得称赞，因为其肯定了人文学科和社会科学对巩固和繁荣美国自由民主的重要性。

　　2. In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by "federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others" to "maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education."

　　译文：2010年，美国国会的重要民主党人和共和党人向美国人文与科学院致信，要求其制定可以被"联邦、州和地方政府，大学，机构，教育工作者，个人捐助者及其他人"采纳的措施，以"使国家在人文学科和社会学科的学术研究及教育方面继续保持卓越的地位"。

　　3. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students' ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day.

　　译文：为了激励创新和竞争，该报告呼吁增加科研收入，精心设计调理清晰的课程，以提高学生在21世纪解决问题的能力和有效沟通的能力，呼吁增加对教师的投入，鼓励学者应用他们的研究来应对如今的巨大挑战。

　　2015年阅读真题经典文章：Text2、Text4

　　Text2

　　1. California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest.

　　译文：之前的设想是当局在逮捕嫌犯时可以搜查其财物，而加州请求大法官要避免做出全面性的裁决，尤其不能推翻之前的设想。

　　2. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending.

　　译文：当面对严重的、紧急的情况时，他们甚至还可以不受第四条修正案保护条款的约束，并且他们在搜查令还未获准的情况下，也能采取合理的措施以确保手机里的数据不被删改。

　　Text4

　　1. This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,she thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking .

　　译文：她认为，同样道德目的的缺失伤害到了像新闻国际这样的公司，使其更有可能像过去一样因大范围非法窃听电话而迷失方向。

　　2. One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived.

　　译文：其中让人吃惊的真相之一是丽贝卡·布鲁克斯竟然对于发生在她新闻工作室的事情知之甚少，她竟然几乎未加以过问，实际上她从不询问这些新闻报道的来源。

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