2016年职称英语理工A真题及答案
第1部分:词汇选项(第1——15题,每题1分,共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. The revelation of his past ledto his resignation.
A.imagination B. confirmation
C.recall D. disclosure
答案为D. revelation(揭露)– disclosure(揭露)
2. Jensen is a dangerous man, and can bevery brutal.
A.careless B. cruel
C.strong D. hard
答案为B. brutal(残忍的) – cruel
3. You‘ll have to sprint if youwant to catch the train.
A.jump B.escape
C. run D.prepare
答案为C. sprint (快速奔跑) – run(奔跑)
4. We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.
A. changeable B. stable
C.suitable D.adaptable
答案为A. fluid(不稳定的) –changeable (易变的)
5. The new garment fits herperfectly.
A.haircut B. purse
C. clothes D.necklace
答案为C. garment(衣服) –clothes(衣服)
6. The phobia may have its root in achildhood trauma.
A.fear B. joy
C. hurt D.memory
答案为C. trauma(精神上的创伤) – hurt(感情上的伤心或痛苦)
7. They have to build canals to irrigatethe desert.
A.decorate B. water
C.change D. visit
答案为B. irrigate(灌溉) –water(给…浇水)
8. Her overall language proficiencyremains that of a toddler.
A.disabled B. pupil
C.teenager D. baby
答案为D. toddler(学步的儿童) – baby(婴儿)
第2部分:阅读判断(第16——22题,每题1分,共7分)
TheGreatest of Victorian Engineers
In the hundred years up to 1860, the workof a small group of construction engineers carried forward the enormous socialand economic change that we associate with the Industrial Revolution inBritain. The most important of these engineers was Isambard Kingdom Brunel,whose work in shipping, bridge-building, and railway construction, to name justthree fields, both challenged and motivated his colleagues. He was the driving forcebehind a number of the hugely ambitious projects, some of which resulted inworks which are still in use today.
The son of an engineer, Brunel apprenticedwith his father at an early age on the building of the Thames Tunnel. At theage of just twenty, he became engineer in charge of the project. Thisimpressive plan to bore under the Thames twice suffered two major disasterswhen the river broke through into the tunnel when the second breach(决口) occurredin 1872, Brunel was seriously injured during rescue operation and further workwas halted.
While recovering from his injuries, Brunelentered a design competition for a new bridge over the Avon Gorge near Clifton.The original judge of the competition was Thomas Telford, a leading civilengineer of his day, who rejected all entries to the competition in favor ofhis own design. After considerable scandal, a second contest was held andBrunel's design was accepted. For reasons of funding, however, exacerbated(加剧) by socialunrest in Bristol, the project was abandoned in 1843 with only the towerscompleted. After Brunel‘s death, it was decided to begin work on it again,partly so that the bridge could form a fitting memorial to the great engineer.The entire structure was finally completed in 1864. Today, the well-knownClifton Suspension Bridge is a symbol of Bristol, just as the Opera House is ofSydney. Originally intended only for horse-drawn traffic, the bridge now bearsover four million motor vehicles a year.
16. Brunel was an important airplaneengineer in Britain during the Industrial Revolution.
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
17. Brunel was involved less in railwayconstruction than in other engineering fields.
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
18. Brunelworked only on shipping, bridge-building and railway construction.
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
19. Brunelwork was largely ignored by his colleagues.
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
20. Someprojects Brunel contributed to are still in use today.
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
21. Brunel became an apprentice with hisfather when he was very young.
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
22. The Thames Tunnel project was moredifficult than any previous projects undertaken in Britain.
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
标准:CCBBAAC
第3部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23——30题,每题1分,共8分)
Geothermal(地热)Energy
1 Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions tocooler ones, the heat from the earth's center flows outwards towardsthe surface. In this way, it transfers to the next layer of rock. If the temperatureis high enough, some of this rock melts and forms magma(岩浆)。 The magmaascends in its turn towards the earth's surface. It often remains well below the earth's surface, creating vast areasof hot rock. In such regions, there are deep cracks, which allow rainwater to descend underground. Some of the heatedrainwater travels back up to the earth's surface where it will appear as a hotspring. However, if this ascendinghot water reaches a layer of impermeable(不可渗透的)rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir. If geothermalreservoirs are close enough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot water and steamshoot up the wells naturally, and can be used to produce electricity in geothermalpower plants.
2.A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-stemreservoirs which produce steam but little or no water. In these cases, the steam is pipedup directly to provide the power to spin a turbine generator. The first geothermalpower plant, constructed at Lardarello in Italy, was of this type, and is stillproducing electricity today.
3.Most currently operating geothermal power plants areeither “flash” steam plants or binary(双重的)plants. Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging intemperature from 300° to 700°Fahrenheit. This water is passed through one or two separators wherereleased from the pressure of the underground reservoir, it“flashes” or boils into steam Again, the force of this steam provides the energy to spin theturbine and produce electricity. The geothermal water and steam are then reinjecteddirectly back down into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of thereservoir. Gradually they will be reheated and can then be usedagain.
4.A reservoir with temperatures below 300° Fahrenheit is nothot enough to flash steam but it can still be used to generate electricity inbinary fluid. The steam from this is used to power the turbines. As in the flashsteam plant, the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir.
23.Paragraph 1_____E____
24.Paragraph 2____F_____
25.Paragraph 3____C_____
26.Paragraph 4____B_____
A. Recyclable water and steam
B. Binary plants
C. Flash steam plants
D. Generation of electricity
E. Origin of geothermal energy
F. Dry steam plants
27. A geothermal reservoir is formed when hot water is trapped under__B____.
28. A dry-steam reservoir produces steam with___C___.
29. Flash plants produce hot water through___E___.
30. In a binary plant, the heat of the geothermal water can be convertedinto__F____.
A. hot springs
B. impermeable rock
C. little or no water
D. turbine operator
E. one or two separators
F. the energy to turn a turbine
参考答案:EFCBBCEF
第四部分 补全短文
Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright
Most of us walk and carry items in our hands every day. These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us don’t question. But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW's Columbian College of Arts and Sciences,have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high- quality resources. The team of researchers from the U. S., England, Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modern-day chimpanzees as they competed for food resources,in an effort to understand what ecological settings would lead a large ape — one that resembles the 6 million-year old ancestor we shared in common with living chimpanzees — to walk on two legs.
“These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs, ",said Dr. Richmond.
The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize a resource. Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands. Over time,intense bursts of bipedal activity may have led to anatomical changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where competition for food or other resources was strong.
Two studies were conducted by the team in Guinea. The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto University’s “ outdoor laboratory ” in a natural clearing in Bossou Forest. Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut — the oil palm nut,which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not. The chimpanzees’ behavior was monitored in three situations:(a) when only oil palm nuts were available,(b)when a small number of coula nuts were available,and(c) when coula nuts were the majority available resource.
When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers, the chimpanzees transported more at one time. Similarly, when coula nuts were the majority resource, the chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether. The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.
In such high-competition settings,the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two legs increased by a factor of four. Not only was it obvious that bipedal movement allowed them to carry more of this precious resource, but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by using everything available 一 even their mouths.
The second study, by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brookes University, was a 14-month study of Bossou chimpanzees crop-raiding, a situation in which they have to compete for rare and unpredictable Resources. Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.
参考答案: BAEFC
第五部分 完形填空
CellPhone Lets Your Secrets Out
Your cell phone holds secrets about you.Besides the names and numbers that you've programmed into it, ______traces____(51) of your DNA linger (遗留) on thedevice according to a new study
DNA is genetic (遗传的)material _____that_____ (52) appears in every cell. Like your fingerprint, yourDNA is _____unique______ (53) to you——unless you have an identical twin. Scientiststoday analyze DNA in blood, saliva (唾液), orhair left ____behind_______ (54) at the scene of a crime. The results oftenhelp detectives identify ____criminals______ (55) and their victims. Your cellphone can reveal more about you ____than_____ (56) you might think.
Meghan J. McFadden, a scientist at McMasterUniversity in Hamilton, Ontario, heard about a crime in which the suspect bledonto a cell phone and later dropped the____device_____ (57)。 This made herwonder whether traces of DNA lingered on cell phones一evenwhen no blood was___involved_____(58)。 She and colleague Margaret Wallace ofthe City University of NewYork analyzed the flip-open phones(翻盖手机)of10 volunteers. They used swabs (药签) tocollect _____invisible___ (59) traces of the users from two parts of the phone:the outside, where the user ____holds_____(60) it, and the speaker which isplaced at the user's ear
The scientists cleaned the phones using asolution made mostly__of____(61) alcohol. The aim of washing was to remove alldetectable traces of DNA. The owners got their phones back for another week.Then the researchers ___returned________ (62) the phones and cleaned each phoneonce more.
The scientists discovered DNA that _____belonged______(63) to the phone's speaker on each of the phones. Better samples werecollected from the outside of each phone, but those swabs also picked up DNAthat belonged to other people who had apparently also ____handed______ (64) thephone
Surprisingly, DNA showed up even in swabsthat were taken immediately after the phones were scrubbed. That suggests thatwashing won't remove all traces of ___evidence________ (65) from a criminal'sdevice. So cell phones can now be added to the list of clues that can clinch (确定)a crime-scene investigation.
51. A. name B.pictures C. shapes D. traces
答案:d
52. A. that B. while C.as D.what
答案:a
53. A. common B. good C. helpful D. unique
答案:d
54. A. behind B. away C. aside D.over
答案:a
55. A. visitors B. travelers C.scientists D.criminals
答案:d
56. A. until B. before C.unless D. than
答案:d
57. A. paper B. document C. device D.file
答案:c
58. A. checked B. involved C. tested D. gathered
答案:b
59. A. invisible B.emotional C. poisonous D. magical
答案:a
60. A. holds B. watches C. drops D. covers
答案:a
61. A. with B.by C. for D. of
答案:d
62. A. collected B. answered C. returned D. used
答案:c
63. A. moved B.changed C. belonged D.turned
答案:c
64. A bought B. repaired C.seen D. handed
答案:d
65. A. smell B. evidence C.sound D.color
答案:b
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